Method and device for detecting elasticity of viscous elastic medium

ABSTRACT

A method for nondestructively detecting an elasticity of a viscoelastic medium and a device for nondestructively detecting an elasticity of a viscoelastic medium are provided. The method comprises steps of: a) driving an ultrasonic transducer probe with a low-frequency vibration by a vibrator so as to produce an elastic wave to be propagated in the viscoelastic medium, transmitting an ultrasonic wave to the viscoelastic medium by the ultrasonic transducer probe, and collecting an ultrasonic echo returned from the viscoelastic medium; b) selecting an effective ultrasonic echo from the ultrasonic echo according to a duration of the low-frequency vibration and physical parameters of the viscoelastic medium; c) calculating a propagation velocity of the elastic wave in the viscoelastic medium according to the effective ultrasonic echo; and d) calculating the elasticity of the viscoelastic medium according to the propagation velocity of the elastic wave.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a nondestructive measurement field,and more particularly to a method for detecting an elasticity of aviscoelastic medium and a device for detecting an elasticity of aviscoelastic medium which will produce a scattering signal afterirradiated by an ultrasonic wave.

BACKGROUND

A technology for nondestructively measuring a viscoelastic medium isvery important in a food industry field. If an elasticity of a food maybe conveniently detected, a quality of the food will be bettercontrolled. In addition, in a medical field, various chronic liverdiseases (e.g., virus hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, nonalcoholicsteatohepatitis, autoimmune liver disease) will lead to hepatic fibrosisand hepatic cirrhosis. An elasticity of a liver will change duringhepatic fibrosis and hepatic cirrhosis. If the elasticity of the livermay be nondestructively detected, conditions of the liver disease may bemonitored and estimated so as to take effective treatment in time.

Chinese patent (publication No. CN1674827) discloses a device and amethod for measuring an elasticity of a human or animal organ. Thedevice comprises an ultrasonic transducer probe, a position sensor, anactuator, and a controlled electrodynamic actuator that generates atransitory low-frequency impulse. The device uses an ultrasonic wave atan ultra-high pulse frequency to detect a propagation velocity of anelastic wave produced by the transitory low-frequency impulse generatedby the controlled electrodynamic actuator in a viscoelastic medium.Therefore, the elasticity of the viscoelastic medium may be obtainedusing an intrinsic relationship between the propagation velocity of theelastic wave and the elasticity of the viscoelastic medium.

In the above device, the electrodynamic actuator drives the ultrasonictransducer probe to generate a low-frequency vibration, thus introducingthe elastic wave in the viscoelastic medium. The ultrasonic transducerprobe transmits and collects the ultrasonic wave while generating amechanical vibration, which may cause a reference point for collectingdata of the ultrasonic wave to move. Therefore, before a furthercalculation using the data, a motion may need to be compensated. Thedevice detects a motion of the ultrasonic transducer probe by theposition sensor so as to compensate the motion of the ultrasonictransducer probe. Although the method may solve a problem of movement ofthe reference point by motion compensation, it may need extracalculation time. Meanwhile, because the position sensor needs to bemounted, a complexity and a cost of a system are increased.

In addition, the above device relies on manual operation, andconsequently measurement results will be influenced by a pressureapplied to the viscoelastic medium by the ultrasonic transducer probeand a verticality between the ultrasonic transducer probe and theviscoelastic medium in operation. In practical operation, an operatorneeds to determine whether the pressure applied to the viscoelasticmedium and the verticality between the ultrasonic transducer probe andthe viscoelastic medium are suitable empirically, so that detectingresults will be easily influenced by subjective factors of the operator.Therefore, it is possible to cause large differences between resultsunder operations of different operators or different operations of thesame operator.

In addition, with the above device, a final result may be usuallyobtained by measuring the same position many times. Because the operatorholds the ultrasonic transducer probe by hand during measurement, it isvery difficult to ensure that all measurements are performed in the sameposition, which may also influence an accuracy of the result.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure is directed to solve at least one of the problemsexisting in the prior art. Accordingly, for a viscoelastic medium whichmay scatter an ultrasonic signal, especially an organ or a tissue of ahuman or an animal, a method for nondestructively detecting anelasticity of a viscoelastic medium and a device for nondestructivelydetecting an elasticity of a viscoelastic medium are provided, which maybe less influenced by subjective factors of an operator without motioncompensation.

According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a method for detectingan elasticity of a viscoelastic medium is provided. The method comprisessteps of: a) driving an ultrasonic transducer probe with a low-frequencyvibration by a vibrator so as to produce an elastic wave to bepropagated in the viscoelastic medium, transmitting an ultrasonic waveto the viscoelastic medium by the ultrasonic transducer probe at a pulserepetition frequency of about 100 Hz-100000 Hz, and collecting anultrasonic echo returned from the viscoelastic medium; b) selecting aneffective ultrasonic echo from the ultrasonic echo according to aduration of the low-frequency vibration and physical parameters of theviscoelastic medium, wherein the ultrasonic transducer probe is staticand the elastic wave is propagated in the viscoelastic medium at amoment corresponding to the effective ultrasonic echo; c) calculating apropagation velocity of the elastic wave in the viscoelastic mediumaccording to the effective ultrasonic echo; and d) calculating theelasticity of the viscoelastic medium according to the propagationvelocity of the elastic wave.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a device fordetecting an elasticity of a viscoelastic medium is provided. The devicecomprises: a vibrator producing a low-frequency vibration; an ultrasonictransducer probe driven by the vibrator with the low-frequency vibrationso as to produce an elastic wave to be propagated in the viscoelasticmedium; and a control apparatus connected with the ultrasonic transducerprobe and the vibrator respectively, and configured to control theultrasonic transducer probe to transmit an ultrasonic wave to theviscoelastic medium and to collect an ultrasonic echo returned from theviscoelastic medium, to select an effective ultrasonic echo from theultrasonic echo according to a duration of the low-frequency vibrationand physical parameters of the viscoelastic medium, and to calculate apropagation velocity of the elastic wave in the viscoelastic mediumaccording to the effective ultrasonic echo to calculate the elasticityof the viscoelastic medium, wherein the ultrasonic transducer probe isstatic and the elastic wave is propagated in the viscoelastic medium ata moment corresponding to the effective ultrasonic echo.

The features and the beneficial effects of the present disclosure are asfollows.

A time period is selected according to a duration of the low-frequencyvibration and parameters such as a thickness, a hardness range or adensity of the viscoelastic medium, within which the elastic waveproduced by the low-frequency vibration is still propagated in theviscoelastic medium but the ultrasonic transducer probe transmitting theultrasonic wave is static or nearly static. Because the ultrasonictransducer probe may be considered to be static, a reference point forultrasonic echo data collected within the time period may be consideredto be static. Subsequent calculations may be performed using theultrasonic echo data collected within the time period, without the needof ultrasonic probe motion compensation, thus reducing a calculationtime. Meanwhile, a position sensor to detect a motion of the ultrasonicprobe is not required, thus reducing a complexity and a cost of asystem. Compared with a device and a method for measuring an elasticityof a human or animal organ disclosed in the above patent (publicationNo. CN1674827), with the method for detecting the elasticity of theviscoelastic medium and the device for detecting the elasticity of theviscoelastic medium according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure, a function of measuring the elasticity of the viscoelasticmedium may be also achieved, without the position sensor. The complexityand the cost of the device may be reduced by omitting members.

An average pressure applied to the ultrasonic transducer probe may bemeasured by a pressure sensor array comprised in the device. When thepressure sensor array comprises three or more pressure sensors, averticality between the ultrasonic transducer probe and a surface of theviscoelastic medium may be obtained using a pressure difference detectedby different sensors in the pressure sensor array. Moreover, by adding astep of determining whether a pressure applied to the viscoelasticmedium by the ultrasonic transducer probe is suitable and a step ofdetermining whether a verticality between the ultrasonic transducerprobe and the viscoelastic medium is suitable in the method, limitationsof empirically determining whether the pressure and the verticality aresuitable by the operator in a conventional device may be overcome, thusreducing the influence of subjective factors on elasticity measurementand improving the success rate and accuracy of a measurement.

In addition, the device may further comprise a mechanical arm forsupporting an ultrasonic probe. In this way, once a detecting positionis selected, it may be ensured that all the detections are performed inthe same position, thus improving a repeatability of the measurement.Meanwhile, with the help of the mechanical arm, the implementation ofsemi-automatic or fully automatic operation may be facilitated, thusreducing the burden of the operator.

Additional aspects and advantages of the embodiments of the presentdisclosure will be given in part in the following descriptions, becomeapparent in part from the following descriptions, or be learned from thepractice of the embodiments of the present disclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other aspects and advantages of the disclosure will becomeapparent and more readily appreciated from the following descriptionstaken in conjunction with the drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device for detecting an elasticity ofa viscoelastic medium according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pressure sensor array comprised inthe device in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a device for detecting an elasticity ofa viscoelastic medium which further comprising an ultrasonic diagnosticequipment and a mechanical arm according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure; and

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an elastic intermediate medium addedbetween a viscoelastic medium and a device for detecting an elasticityof a viscoelastic medium according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail in thefollowing descriptions, examples of which are shown in the accompanyingdrawings, in which the same or similar elements and elements having sameor similar functions are denoted by like reference numerals throughoutthe descriptions. The embodiments described herein with reference to theaccompanying drawings are explanatory and illustrative, which are usedto generally understand the present disclosure. The embodiments shallnot be construed to limit the present disclosure.

A method for detecting an elasticity of a viscoelastic medium and adevice for detecting an elasticity of a viscoelastic medium according toan embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below indetail with reference to the drawings.

The method for detecting the elasticity of the viscoelastic mediumaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure comprises steps of:

a) driving an ultrasonic transducer probe with a low-frequency vibrationby a vibrator so as to produce an elastic wave to be propagated in theviscoelastic medium, transmitting an ultrasonic wave to the viscoelasticmedium by the ultrasonic transducer probe at a pulse repetitionfrequency of about 100 Hz-100000 Hz, and collecting an ultrasonic echoreturned from the viscoelastic medium;

b) selecting an effective ultrasonic echo from the ultrasonic echoaccording to a duration of the low-frequency vibration and physicalparameters of the viscoelastic medium, in which the ultrasonictransducer probe is static and the elastic wave is propagated in theviscoelastic medium at a moment corresponding to the effectiveultrasonic echo;

c) calculating a propagation velocity of the elastic wave in theviscoelastic medium according to the effective ultrasonic echo; and

d) calculating the elasticity of the viscoelastic medium according tothe propagation velocity of the elastic wave.

The method may also comprise a step of preselecting a detecting region,which helps to select a suitable position to detect the elasticity ofthe viscoelastic medium. For example, for detecting an elasticity of aliver, the step of preselecting the detected region may help to keepaway from large vessels of the liver so as to avoid an influence onresults of detecting of the elasticity of the viscoelastic medium.

A vibration frequency f of the low-frequency vibration is between about0.5 Hz and about 3000 Hz, and the duration T of the low-frequencyvibration is between about ½f and about 40/f.

Preferably, the method may comprise a step of determining whether apressure applied to the viscoelastic medium by the ultrasonic transducerprobe is suitable.

Preferably, the method may comprise a step of determining whether averticality between the ultrasonic transducer probe and the viscoelasticmedium is suitable.

The device for detecting the elasticity of the viscoelastic mediumaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure comprises:

a vibrator producing a low-frequency vibration;

an ultrasonic transducer probe driven by the vibrator with thelow-frequency vibration so as to produce an elastic wave to bepropagated in the viscoelastic medium; and

a control apparatus connected with the ultrasonic transducer probe andthe vibrator respectively, and configured to control the ultrasonictransducer probe to transmit an ultrasonic wave to the viscoelasticmedium and to collect an ultrasonic echo returned from the viscoelasticmedium, to select an effective ultrasonic echo from the ultrasonic echoaccording to a duration of the low-frequency vibration and physicalparameters of the viscoelastic medium, and to calculate a propagationvelocity of the elastic wave in the viscoelastic medium according to theeffective ultrasonic echo to calculate the elasticity of theviscoelastic medium, in which the ultrasonic transducer probe is staticand the ultrasonic wave is propagated in the viscoelastic medium at amoment corresponding to the effective ultrasonic echo. It should benoted that in some embodiments, “the ultrasonic transducer probe isstatic” means that the ultrasonic transducer probe is substantially ornearly static.

Because the ultrasonic transducer probe is configured to transmit theultrasonic wave to the viscoelastic medium and to collect the ultrasonicecho returned from the viscoelastic medium under a control of thecontrol apparatus, when the ultrasonic transducer probe is used fordetecting the elasticity of the liver, in order to transmit theultrasonic wave and to receive the ultrasonic echo through a intercostalspace in a human body, a largest outer diameter of an end face of theultrasonic transducer probe should be less than about 12 mm.

The control apparatus may comprise one of a computer, a microprocessorand a microcontroller having a user interaction device, as well as anultrasonic transmitting and receiving circuit (which is well known tothose skilled in the art) connected with the one of the computer, themicroprocessor and the microcontroller through a communication interface(e.g., USB, PCI). The control apparatus may also comprise a triggeringkey implemented by a hardware or a software for starting to detect theelasticity of the viscoelastic medium.

The user interaction device comprised in the control apparatus may beconfigured to input information and display detecting results. The userinteraction device may be constituted by a mouse, a keyboard and adisplay, and may also be constituted by a touch screen or other userinteraction devices.

The ultrasonic transmitting and receiving circuit comprised in thecontrol apparatus may transmit the ultrasonic waves through theultrasonic transducer probe at a pulse repetition frequency of about 1Hz-100000 Hz and collect the ultrasonic echos according to requirementsunder a control of the computer, the microprocessor or themicrocontroller comprised in the control apparatus.

The vibrator may produce a low-frequency vibration with a frequency ofabout 0.5 Hz-3000 Hz and an amplitude of 0.5 mm-20 mm. The vibrator mayaccurately produce a required low-frequency vibration according to arequired starting time, a required waveform and a required amplitudeunder the control of the control apparatus. Because the ultrasonictransducer probe is connected with the vibrator, the vibration may betransmitted to the viscoelastic medium through the ultrasonic transducerprobe.

Under a unified control of the control apparatus, once an operator usesthe triggering key to start to detect the elasticity of the viscoelasticmedium, the vibrator will drive the ultrasonic transducer probe toproduce a low-frequency vibration so as to produce a low-frequencyelastic wave to be propagated in the viscoelastic medium; and theultrasonic transmitting and receiving circuit may transmit theultrasonic wave at a pulse repetition frequency of about 100 Hz-100000Hz and collect the ultrasonic echo. The control apparatus may beconfigured to calculate the elasticity of the viscoelastic medium usingthe ultrasonic echo. Particularly, the ultrasonic echo scattered backfrom the viscoelastic medium may be used for tracking a propagation ofthe elastic wave in the viscoelastic medium so as to calculate thepropagation velocity of the elastic wave in the viscoelastic medium, andthen the elasticity of the viscoelastic medium may be calculated usingan intrinsic relationship between the propagation velocity of theelastic wave and the elasticity and a density of the viscoelasticmedium.

In one embodiment, the device for detecting the elasticity of theviscoelastic medium according to an embodiment of the present disclosuremay further comprise an ultrasonic diagnostic equipment. The ultrasonicdiagnostic equipment may be a conventional B-mode ultrasonic diagnosticequipment or a color Doppler ultrasonic diagnostic equipment. With thehelp of a two-dimensional or three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging probeof the ultrasonic diagnostic equipment, a two-dimensional orthree-dimensional ultrasonic image may be provided on a user interface,thus providing pre-scanning and pre-positioning for the detecting of theelasticity of the viscoelastic medium.

In another embodiment, the device for detecting the elasticity of theviscoelastic medium according to an embodiment of the present disclosuremay further comprise a pressure sensor array. At this time, the controlapparatus further comprises a pressure signal collecting circuit (whichis well known to those skilled in the art) connected with one of thecomputer, the microprocessor and the microcontroller through acommunication interface (e.g., USB, PCI). The pressure sensor arraycomprises at least one pressure sensor. The pressure sensor arraycontacts the ultrasonic transducer probe and the vibrator, and may beconfigured to detect an average pressure applied to the ultrasonictransducer probe in operation and to feed the pressure information backto the operator so that the operator may apply a suitable pressure, thusimproving an accuracy of a measurement.

Preferably, the pressure sensor array comprises three pressure sensors.The average pressure applied to the ultrasonic transducer probe may beobtained using pressure values detected by the pressure sensors in thepressure sensor array, and it may be determined whether the ultrasonictransducer probe is nearly vertical to a surface of the viscoelasticmedium using a difference between pressure values detected by thepressure sensors in the pressure sensor array. The information is fedback to the operator, thus helping the operator implement accurate andrepeatable measurement.

The device for detecting the elasticity of the viscoelastic mediumaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure may comprise atleast one mechanical arm for supporting an ultrasonic probe consistingof the ultrasonic transducer probe and the vibrator. Meanwhile, in orderto help the operator select a detecting position flexibly, themechanical arm is configured to have at least one degree of freedom. Theultrasonic probe may be fixed on the mechanical arm. When the operatorpulls the mechanical arm by hand, a detecting position may be flexiblyselected. After the detecting position is selected, the operator letsloose the hand, and the ultrasonic probe may be fixed on the selectedposition, thus ensuring that all the detections are performed in thesame position. Meanwhile, with the help of the mechanical arm, theimplementation of a semi-automatic or fully automatic operation may beachieved, thus reducing the burden of the operator.

The device for detecting the elasticity of the viscoelastic mediumaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure may furthercomprise a state indicating device for indicating a working state of thedevice. The operator may conveniently know the working state of thedevice according to the state indicating device.

The device for detecting the elasticity of the viscoelastic mediumaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure may furthercomprise an elastic intermediate medium. The operator places the elasticintermediate medium between the viscoelastic medium and the ultrasonictransducer probe when detecting the elasticity of the viscoelasticmedium, thus ensuring that the elastic wave is still propagated in theviscoelastic medium when the ultrasonic probe stops vibrating.

As shown in FIG. 1, in one preferred embodiment, the device fordetecting the elasticity of the viscoelastic medium comprises anultrasonic probe 1 consisting of the ultrasonic transducer probe 2, thevibrator 3 and the pressure sensor array 4. The ultrasonic transmittingand receiving circuit (not shown) is configured to transmit theultrasonic wave and to collect the ultrasonic echo through theultrasonic transducer probe 2. The ultrasonic transducer probe 2 and thevibrator 3 are fixed together through the pressure sensor array 4. Theultrasonic probe 1 is mounted in a shell 8 formed with the stateindicating device 7. An end portion of the shell 8 is formed with acable 6 connected with the ultrasonic probe 1. The control apparatus(not shown) is connected with the ultrasonic probe 1 and the stateindicating device 7 through the cable 6, and it comprises a key 5 fixedon the shell 8. In other embodiments, the pressure sensor array 4 andthe state indicating device 7 may be omitted.

Functions and particular components of the above members are illustratedbelow in detail respectively.

The function of the control apparatus is to start to detect theelasticity of the viscoelastic medium by the key 5, to control the workof the vibrator 3 and the state of the state indicating device 7, and tocontrol the ultrasonic transducer probe 2 to transmit the ultrasonicwave and collect the ultrasonic echo. The control apparatus may furthercontrol a signal collection of the pressure sensors, process data of theultrasonic echo and the pressure, and display results. The controlapparatus may comprise a computer, a microcontroller or a microprocessorhaving a display 11 and a keyboard 12 (for example, a DELL Optiplex 360desktop computer, an ARM Cortex-A8 microcontroller from Arm company or aPentium III processor from Intel corporation) as well as an ultrasonictransmitting and receiving circuit and a pressure signal collectingcircuit (which are well known to those skilled in the art) connectedwith the one of the computer, the microprocessor and the microcontrollerthrough communication interfaces (e.g., USB, PCI) respectively.

The pressure sensor array 4 may be configured to detect the pressureapplied to the viscoelastic medium and the verticality between theultrasonic transducer probe 2 and the surface of the viscoelasticmedium. A top view of the pressure sensor array 4 is shown in FIG. 2,and the pressure sensor array 4 may comprise three small Model Fpressure sensors 9 from Honeywell International Inc. which are mountedat centers of sides of a right triangle on a circuit board 10respectively.

The state indicating device 7 is configured to indicate the workingstate of the device and may be constituted by a set of LED lamps havingdifferent colors.

In some embodiments, the ultrasonic transducer probe 2 is configured totransmit the ultrasonic waves to the viscoelastic medium and to collectthe ultrasonic echoes under a control of the control apparatus. Inpractical application, an ultrasonic transducer probe with acorresponding central frequency and a corresponding size may be selectedaccording to characteristics of the viscoelastic medium and precisionrequirements. For example, when the viscoelastic medium is a liver of ahuman body, an ultrasonic transducer probe with a central frequency ofabout 1 MHz-15 MHz may be selected, and a largest outer diameter of anend face of the ultrasonic transducer probe should be less than about 12mm so that the ultrasonic transducer probe may transmit the ultrasonicwave and receive the ultrasonic echo through a intercostal space in ahuman body.

The function of the vibrator 3 is to drive the ultrasonic transducerprobe 2 to produce a low-frequency vibration under the control of thecontrol apparatus. The vibrator 3 may produce a low-frequency vibrationwith a frequency of about 0.5 Hz-3000 Hz and an amplitude of about 0.5mm-20 mm under the control of the control apparatus. Particularly, thevibrator 3 may be an electromagnetic type vibrator or a stepping motortype vibrator.

The key 5 on the shell 8 as a part of the control apparatus isconfigured to start the vibrator 3 to produce a low-frequency vibrationand to start the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving circuit of thecontrol apparatus to transmit the ultrasonic wave at a pulse repetitionfrequency of about 100 Hz-100000 Hz and to collect the ultrasonic echo.

The shell 8 is used for protecting members inside the shell 8, and maybe made of ABS plastics.

When the elasticity of the viscoelastic medium is detected, theviscoelastic medium is scanned by the ultrasonic transducer probe 2 ofthe ultrasonic probe 1. At this time, the ultrasonic transmitting andreceiving circuit of the control apparatus triggers the ultrasonictransducer probe 2 to transmit the ultrasonic wave at a pulse repetitionfrequency within about 100 Hz (for example, 30 Hz) and to collect theultrasonic echo. The computer, the microprocessor or the microcontrollerof the control apparatus performs envelop calculation, logarithmiccompression, etc. for the ultrasonic echo, and then display results inthe form of a M-mode ultrasonograph (well known to those skilled in theart, with a full name of a motion mode ultrasonograph) on the display.The operator may acquire information of the viscoelastic medium so as toselect a position to detect the elasticity of the viscoelastic medium.Preferably, when the ultrasonic echo is collected, the pressureinformation from the pressure sensors are collected by the pressuresignal collecting circuit of the control apparatus, and the computer,the microprocessor or the microcontroller of the control apparatusdetermines whether the pressure applied to the ultrasonic transducerprobe 2 or the verticality between the ultrasonic transducer probe 2 andthe viscoelastic medium is suitable.

When a suitable position to detect the elasticity of the viscoelasticmedium is selected and it is determined that the pressure applied to theultrasonic transducer probe 2 or the verticality between the ultrasonictransducer probe 2 and the viscoelastic medium is suitable, the operatormay trigger the key 5, and the vibrator 3 will drive the ultrasonictransducer probe 2 to produce a low-frequency vibration with a frequencyof about 0.5 Hz-3000 Hz and an amplitude of about 0.5 mm-20 mm (forexample, with a frequency of 50 Hz and an amplitude of 2 mm) which mayproduce an elastic wave to be propagated in the viscoelastic medium.Meanwhile, a triggering signal will trigger the ultrasonic transmittingand receiving circuit of the control apparatus to transmit theultrasonic wave at a pulse repetition frequency of about 100 Hz-100000Hz (for example, 6000 Hz) and to collect the ultrasonic echo. Thecomputer, the microprocessor or the microcontroller of the controlapparatus calculates the elasticity of the viscoelastic medium using theultrasonic echo.

The above-mentioned device may also be integrated with an ultrasonicdiagnostic equipment. As shown in FIG. 3, the control apparatus and theultrasonic diagnostic equipment (not shown) are mounted inside a box,the keyboard 12 and the display 11 of the control apparatus are mountedoutside the box, and the ultrasonic probe 1 and the two-dimensional orthree-dimensional imaging probe 14 comprised in the ultrasonicdiagnostic equipment are connected with the box through cablesrespectively. Using the two-dimensional or three-dimensional imagingprobe 14 comprised in the ultrasonic diagnostic equipment, imaging ofthe viscoelastic medium may be performed to acquire more information,thus helping to keep away from regions affecting elasticity measurementduring elasticity measurement (for example, keep away from large vesselsin a liver when a liver of a human body is measured).

In the above-mentioned device, a mechanical arm 13 may also be mountedon the box for supporting the ultrasonic probe 1, and may have at leastone degree of freedom. When the operator pulls the mechanical arm 13, adetecting position may be flexibly selected. After the detectingposition is selected, the operator lets loose the hand, and theultrasonic probe 1 may be fixed on the selected position, thus ensuringthat all the detections are in the same position.

The method for detecting the elasticity of the viscoelastic mediumaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure comprises thefollowing steps.

(a) The ultrasonic probe 1 is placed on the viscoelastic medium, and aposition to detect the elasticity of the viscoelastic medium is selectedusing the M-mode ultrasonograph of the viscoelastic medium acquired bythe ultrasonic probe 1, an ultrasonic image of the viscoelastic mediumacquired by the ultrasonic imaging probe 14 comprised in the ultrasonicdiagnostic equipment, or both after the ultrasonic transducer probe 2contacts the viscoelastic medium (this step is a preferred step).

(b) It is determined whether the pressure applied to the viscoelasticmedium by the ultrasonic probe 1 is suitable using pressure datadetected by the pressure sensor array 4 (this step is a preferred step).In this embodiment, the pressure sensor array 4 comprises three pressuresensors, and the pressures detected by the three pressure sensors areF₁, F₂, and F₃ respectively. It is determined whether the pressureapplied to the viscoelastic medium by the ultrasonic probe 1 is suitableaccording to the following formulae:F=(F ₁ +F ₂ +F ₃)/3  (1)F _(min) <F<F _(max)  (2).

That is, an average pressure F applied to the viscoelastic medium by theultrasonic probe 1 is calculated according to the formula (1), and thenit is determined whether the average pressure F is suitable according tothe formula (2), where F_(min) and F_(max) are a lower limit and anupper limit of the average pressure F respectively. For measurement ofan elasticity of a soft tissue of an animal or human body, F_(min) maybe about 1 newton, and F_(max) may be about 10 newtons.

(c) It is determined whether a verticality between the ultrasonic probe1 and the viscoelastic medium is suitable using pressure data detectedby the pressure sensor array 4 (this step is a preferred step). In thisembodiment, it is determined whether the verticality between theultrasonic probe 1 and the viscoelastic medium is suitable according tothe following formulae:δ=(|F ₁ −F|+|F ₂ −F|+|F ₃ −F|)/3F  (3)δ<δ_(max)  (4).δ calculated according to the formula (3) represents a differencebetween pressures applied to the pressure sensors in the pressure sensorarray 4. Very small δ indicates that the pressures applied to thepressure sensors are substantially the same and the ultrasonic probe 1is nearly vertical to the viscoelastic medium. The larger the δ, thelarger the difference between pressures applied to the pressure sensorsis, and the lower the verticality between the ultrasonic probe 1 and theviscoelastic medium is. δ_(max) is a threshold which indicates anacceptable degree deviating from a vertical direction when theelasticity of the viscoelastic medium is detected. For measurement of anelasticity of a soft tissue of an animal or human body, δ_(max) may beabout 0.1.

(d) The ultrasonic probe 1 may produce a low-frequency vibration with anamplitude of about 2 mm, a frequency f₀ of about 50 Hz and a duration Tof about 0.05 s. The elastic wave produced by the low-frequencyvibration will propagate from a surface of the viscoelastic medium to adeep part of the viscoelastic medium at a propagation velocity relatedto a hardness of the viscoelastic medium. When the low-frequencyvibration is produced, the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving circuitof the control apparatus transmits the ultrasonic wave to theviscoelastic medium at a pulse repetition frequency F_(high) of about6000 Hz and collects an ultrasonic signal scanning line (in the art, acollected ultrasonic echo corresponding to an transmitted ultrasonicpulse is called one ultrasonic signal scanning line). Serial numbers ofthe ultrasonic signal scanning lines are recorded as 1, 2, 3, . . . N .. . respectively, in which a time interval between the ultrasonic signalscanning lines is Δt=1/F_(high), where N is a positive integer.

(e) A range of the ultrasonic echo (i.e., an effective ultrasonic echo)used for subsequent calculation is selected from the ultrasonic echoaccording to a duration of the low-frequency vibration and physicalparameters (e.g., a thickness, a hardness range, a density) of theviscoelastic medium. The effective ultrasonic echo may be selected byselecting ranges of serial numbers of the ultrasonic signal scanninglines. In the present disclosure, the selected ultrasonic signalscanning lines are called effective ultrasonic signal scanning lines.The principle of the selecting is that the ultrasonic transducer probeis static or nearly static and the elastic wave is still propagated inthe viscoelastic medium at a moment corresponding to the ultrasonicsignal scanning lines in the selected ranges of serial numbers of theultrasonic signal scanning lines.

In some embodiments, a method for selecting the ultrasonic signalscanning lines is as follows.

When the duration of the low-frequency vibration is T, in considerationof an inertia of the vibration, assume that the ultrasonic transducerprobe is static after T+ΔT since the vibration starts, a serial numberN_(select) of an effective ultrasonic signal scanning line shouldsatisfy:N _(select)≧ceiling((T+ΔT)×F _(high))  (5)where ceiling(.) is a ceiling rounding function, and N_(select) is anatural number.

Assuming a thickness of the viscoelastic medium is D₁, and a lower limitof the propagation velocity of the elastic wave in the viscoelasticmedium determined according to an estimated hardness range and anestimated density of the viscoelastic medium is V_(s1), when the elasticwave is still propagated in the viscoelastic medium, the serial numberN_(select) of the effective ultrasonic signal scanning line shouldsatisfy:N _(select)≦ceiling((D ₁ /V _(s1) +T)×F _(high))  (6).

When ΔT is less than D₁/V_(s1), by combining above two formulae,N_(select) may satisfy:ceiling((T+ΔT)×F _(high))≦N _(select)≦ceiling((D ₁ /V _(s1) +T)×F_(high))  (7).

For example, when ΔT is 0.01 s, the lower limit V_(s1) of thepropagation velocity of the elastic wave in the viscoelastic medium is 3m/s, and the thickness D₁ of the viscoelastic medium is 10 cm, the rangeof the serial number of the ultrasonic signal scanning line is360≦N_(select)≦500.

When ΔT is not less than D₁/V_(s1), as shown in FIG. 4, if an elasticintermediate medium 16 with a thickness of D₂ is added between theultrasonic transducer probe 2 of the ultrasonic probe 1 and theviscoelastic medium 15 so that ΔT<D₁/V_(s1)+D₂/V_(s2), where V_(s2) is apropagation velocity of the elastic wave in the elastic intermediatemedium, then the serial number N_(select) of the effective ultrasonicsignal scanning line should satisfy:ceiling((T+ΔT)×F _(high))≦N _(select)≦ceiling((D ₂ /V _(s2) +D ₁ /V_(s1) +T)×F _(high))  (8).

For example, when ΔT is 0.01 s, the lower limit V_(s1) of thepropagation velocity of the elastic wave in the viscoelastic medium is 3m/s, the thickness D₁ of the viscoelastic medium is 10 cm, the thicknessD₂ of the elastic intermediate medium is 10 cm, and the propagationvelocity V_(s2) of the elastic wave in the viscoelastic medium is 1 m/s,the range of the serial number of the ultrasonic signal scanning line is360≦N_(select)≦960.

(f) The propagation velocity of the elastic wave in the viscoelasticmedium is calculated according to the effective ultrasonic echo.

In this embodiment, the propagation velocity of the elastic wave iscalculated using a linear regression of a propagation of a phase of astrain introduced in the viscoelastic medium by the low-frequencyelastic wave at the central frequency of the vibration in a depthdirection along with time.

First, the strain introduced in the viscoelastic medium by thelow-frequency elastic wave needs to be calculated. The strain in theviscoelastic medium may be calculated by first estimating a displacementof the viscoelastic medium and then differentiating using thedisplacement of the viscoelastic medium. A particular calculation methodis well known to those skilled in the art, which will be described belowin detail.

The displacement of the viscoelastic medium may be estimated by adisplacement estimation method well known to those skilled in the art,for example, a cross correlation method, an absolute difference summethod, a Doppler method, or a self correlation method. In thisembodiment, the displacement of the viscoelastic medium is estimated bya cross correlation method.

Assuming each ultrasonic signal scanning line has data of L points, anactual distance corresponding to two adjacent data points is Δz, eachultrasonic signal scanning line may be divided into L−2m data segmentswith a length of 2m+1 with an interval of 1 point for center of eachsegment, and the centers of the L−2m data segments are m+1, m+2, . . . ,L−m points on each ultrasonic signal scanning line respectively, acorrelation coefficient between a data segment with a p point as acenter on a n₁ ^(th) ultrasonic signal scanning line and a data segmentwith a q point as a center on a (n₁+1)^(th) ultrasonic signal scanningline is calculated by the following formula:

$\begin{matrix}{C_{p,q} = \frac{\sum\limits_{i = {- m}}^{m}{{r_{n_{1}}\left( {p + i} \right)}{r_{n_{1} + 1}\left( {q + i} \right)}}}{\sqrt{\sum\limits_{i = {- m}}^{m}{\left( {r_{n_{1}}\left( {p + i} \right)} \right)^{2}{\sum\limits_{i = {- m}}^{m}\left( {r_{n_{1} + 1}\left( {q + i} \right)} \right)^{2}}}}}} & (9)\end{matrix}$

where r_(n) ₁ and r_(n) ₁ ₊₁ represent data on the n₁ ^(th) ultrasonicsignal scanning line and the (n₁+1)^(th) ultrasonic signal scanning linerespectively.

The following maximal value C_(p,q) _(max) of the correlationcoefficients is obtained by calculating correlation coefficients betweenthe data segment with the p point as a center on the n₁ ^(th) ultrasonicsignal scanning line and all data segments on the (n₁+1)^(th) ultrasonicsignal scanning line and searching:C _(p,q) _(max) =max{C _(p,q) ,q=m+1,m+2, . . . ,L−m}  (10)

Therefore, a displacement of a medium fragment with a center at a p·Δzdepth and a length of (2m+1)·Δz during a duration between a time n₁·Δtand a time (n₁+1)·Δt is as follows:d(z,t)|_(z=p·Δz,t=n) ₁ _(·Δt)=(q _(max) −p)·Δz  (11)where z represents a depth at which the center of the medium fragment islocated.

Displacements of medium fragments corresponding to all data segments onthe n₁ ^(th) ultrasonic signal scanning line during the duration betweenthe time n₁·Δt and the time (n₁+1)·Δt may be acquired by repeating theabove steps for each data segment on the n₁ ^(th) ultrasonic signalscanning line, which constitute a sequence d(z,t)|_(t=n) ₁_(·Δt, z=1·Δz, 2·Δz, 3·Δz, . . . , (L−2m)·Δz).

The strain in the viscoelastic medium on the n₁ ^(th) ultrasonic signalscanning line may be calculated by differentiating the displacements inthe depth direction according to the following formula:

$\begin{matrix}{\left. {ɛ\left( {z,t} \right)} \right|_{t = {{n_{1} \cdot \Delta}\; t}} = {\frac{\partial{d\left( {z,t} \right)}}{\partial z}.}} & (12)\end{matrix}$

A strain corresponding to each ultrasonic signal scanning line may beacquired by the above method.

(g) The propagation velocity of the elastic wave in the viscoelasticmedium is calculated. Particularly, a phase of a shear wave at a centralfrequency f₀ of the elastic wave is calculated for each depth of theviscoelastic medium so as to calculate the propagation velocity of theelastic wave:

$\begin{matrix}{{E\left( {z,f} \right)} = {{FT}\left( {ɛ\left( {z,t} \right)} \right)}} & (13) \\{{\varphi(z)} = {\arg\left( {E\left( {z,f_{0}} \right)} \right)}} & (14) \\{{V_{s}(z)} = {2\pi\;{f_{0}\left( \frac{\mathbb{d}{\varphi(z)}}{\mathbb{d}z} \right)}^{- 1}}} & (15)\end{matrix}$

where FT is a Fourier transform, and φ(z) is a phase of E(z,f₀) at afrequency f₀.

(h) An elastic modulus of the viscoelastic medium is calculated. For aviscoelastic medium of a soft tissue of an animal or human body, thereis a following relationship between the propagation velocity V_(s) ofthe elastic wave and the elastic modulus E of the viscoelastic medium:E=3ρV _(s) ²  (16)

where ρ is a density of the viscoelastic medium.

Therefore, an elastic modulus of the viscoelastic medium at a depth zmay be calculated according to the following formula:

$\begin{matrix}{{E(z)} = {3{{\rho\left\lbrack {2\pi\;{f_{0}\left( \frac{\mathbb{d}{\varphi(z)}}{\mathbb{d}z} \right)}^{- 1}} \right\rbrack}^{2}.}}} & (17)\end{matrix}$

Although explanatory embodiments have been shown and described, it wouldbe appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, alternatives,and modifications may be made in the embodiments without departing fromspirit and principles of the disclosure. Such changes, alternatives, andmodifications all fall into the scope of the claims and theirequivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for detecting an elasticity of aviscoelastic medium, comprising steps of: a) detecting with a pressuresensor array a pressure applied to the viscoelastic medium by anultrasonic transducer probe; b) detecting with the pressure sensor arraya verticality of the ultrasonic transducer probe relative to theviscoelastic medium; c) in response to the detected pressure and thedetected verticality satisfying preset conditions, driving theultrasonic transducer probe with a vibration by a vibrator so as toproduce an elastic wave to be propagated in the viscoelastic medium,transmitting an ultrasonic wave to the viscoelastic medium by theultrasonic transducer probe at a pulse repetition frequency of 100Hz-100000 Hz, and collecting through the ultrasonic transducer probe anultrasonic echo returned from the viscoelastic medium and correspondingto the transmitted ultrasonic wave; d) selecting an effective ultrasonicecho from the ultrasonic echo according to a duration of the vibrationand physical parameters of the viscoelastic medium, wherein theultrasonic transducer probe stops vibrating and the elastic wave ispropagated in the viscoelastic medium at a moment corresponding to theeffective ultrasonic echo; e) calculating a propagation velocity of theelastic wave in the viscoelastic medium according to the effectiveultrasonic echo; and f) calculating the elasticity of the viscoelasticmedium according to the propagation velocity of the elastic wave.
 2. Themethod according to claim 1, wherein the step b) comprises: a serialnumber N_(select) of an effective ultrasonic signal scanning linesatisfying:N _(select)≧ceiling((T+ΔT)×F _(high)), where ceiling(.) is a ceilingrounding function, F_(high) is a pulse repetition frequency oftransmitting an ultrasonic signal and is within a range from 100 Hz to100000 Hz, T is the duration of the vibration, the ultrasonic transducerprobe completely stops vibrating after the vibration starts for a periodof T+ΔT, and the ultrasonic signal scanning line is a collectedultrasonic echo corresponding to an transmitted ultrasonic pulse; whenthe elastic wave is still propagated in the viscoelastic medium, theserial number N_(select) of the effective ultrasonic echo scanning linesatisfying:N _(select)≦ceiling((D ₁ /V _(s1) +T)×F _(high)), where D₁ is athickness of the viscoelastic medium, V_(s1) is a lower limit of thepropagation velocity of the elastic wave in the viscoelastic mediumdetermined according to an estimated hardness range and an estimateddensity of the viscoelastic medium; when ΔT is less than D₁/V_(s1), bycombining above two formulae, N_(select) satisfying:ceiling((T+ΔT)×F _(high))≦N _(select)≦ceiling((D ₁ /V _(s1) +T)×F_(high)); and when ΔT is not less than D₁/V_(s1), an elasticintermediate medium with a thickness of D₂ and a first hardness is addedbetween the ultrasonic transducer probe and the viscoelastic medium sothat ΔT<D₁/V_(s1)+D₂/V_(s2), where V_(s2) is a propagation velocity ofthe elastic wave in the elastic intermediate medium, then the serialnumber N_(select) of the effective ultrasonic signal scanning linesatisfying:ceiling((T+ΔT)×F _(high))≦N _(select)≦ceiling((D ₂ /V _(s2) +D ₁ /V_(s1) +T)×F _(high)).
 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein avibration frequency f of the vibration is between 0.5 Hz and 3000 Hz,and the duration of the vibration is between ½f and 40/f.
 4. The methodaccording to claim 1, further comprising: acquiring a M-modeultrasonograph of the viscoelastic medium and selecting a position todetect the elasticity of the viscoelastic medium according to the M-modeultrasonograph; or using a two-dimensional or three-dimensionalultrasonic image of the viscoelastic medium to select a position todetect the elasticity of the viscoelastic medium.
 5. The methodaccording to claim 1, further comprising: detecting a verticalitybetween the ultrasonic transducer probe and the viscoelastic medium; andin response to the verticality satisfying a preset condition, detectingthe elasticity of the viscoelastic medium.
 6. A device for detecting anelasticity of a viscoelastic medium, comprising: a vibrator producing avibration; an ultrasonic transducer probe driven by the vibrator withthe vibration so as to produce an elastic wave to be propagated in theviscoelastic medium; a control apparatus connected with the ultrasonictransducer probe and the vibrator respectively, and configured tocontrol the ultrasonic transducer probe to transmit an ultrasonic waveto the viscoelastic medium and to collect through the ultrasonictransducer probe an ultrasonic echo returned from the viscoelasticmedium and corresponding to the transmitted ultrasonic wave, the controlapparatus being further configured to select an effective ultrasonicecho from the ultrasonic echo according to a duration of the vibrationand physical parameters of the viscoelastic medium, and to calculate apropagation velocity of the elastic wave in the viscoelastic mediumaccording to the effective ultrasonic echo, and to calculate theelasticity of the viscoelastic medium according to the propagationvelocity of the elastic wave, wherein the ultrasonic transducer probestops vibrating and the elastic wave is propagated in the viscoelasticmedium at a moment corresponding to the effective ultrasonic echo; and apressure sensor array mounted between and contacted with the ultrasonictransducer probe and the vibrator, wherein the control apparatus furthercomprises a pressure signal collecting circuit connected with one of acomputer, a microprocessor and a microcontroller through a communicationinterface, and wherein the control apparatus detects with the pressuresensor array a pressure applied to the viscoelastic medium by theultrasonic transducer probe and a verticality of the ultrasonictransducer probe relative to the viscoelastic medium, and wherein thecontrol apparatus is further configured to start to detect theelasticity of the viscoelastic medium in response to the detectedpressure and the detected verticality satisfying preset conditions. 7.The device according to claim 6, wherein the control apparatus comprisesone of a computer, a microprocessor and a microcontroller, as well as anultrasonic transmitting and receiving circuit connected with the one ofthe computer, the microprocessor and the microcontroller through acommunication interface.
 8. The device according to claim 6, wherein thecontrol apparatus comprises a triggering key implemented by a hardwareor a software for starting to detect the elasticity of the viscoelasticmedium.
 9. The device according to claim 6, wherein the controlapparatus is further configured to start to detect the elasticity of theviscoelastic medium according to a verticality between the ultrasonictransducer probe and the viscoelastic medium.
 10. The device accordingto claim 6, further comprising an ultrasonic diagnostic equipmentconnected with the control apparatus for selecting a position to detectthe elasticity of the viscoelastic medium.
 11. The device according toclaim 6, further comprising a state indicating device for indicating acurrent working state of the device.
 12. The device according to claim6, further comprising a mechanical arm for supporting an ultrasonicprobe consisting of the ultrasonic transducer probe and the vibrator.